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1.
Status of black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in France 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C DÉLYE Y MENCHARI J-P GUILLEMIN† A MATÉJICEK S MICHEL C CAMILLERI‡ & B CHAUVEL 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):95-105
We assessed the contributions of target site‐ and non‐target site‐based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in Alopecurus myosuroides (black grass). A total of 243 A. myosuroides populations collected across France were analysed using herbicide sensitivity bioassay (24 300 seedlings analysed) and ACC genotyping (13 188 seedlings analysed). Seedlings resistant to at least one ACC‐inhibiting herbicide were detected in 99.2% of the populations. Mutant, resistant ACC allele(s) were detected in 56.8% of the populations. Among the five resistant ACC alleles known in A. myosuroides, alleles containing an isoleucine‐to‐leucine substitution at codon 1781 were predominant (59.5% of the plants containing resistant ACC alleles). Comparison of the results from herbicide sensitivity bioassays with genotyping indicated that more than 75% of the plants resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides in France would be resistant via increased herbicide metabolism. Analysis of herbicide application records suggested that in 15.9% of the populations studied, metabolism‐based resistance to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides was mostly selected for by herbicides with other modes of action. Our study revealed the importance of non‐target site‐based resistance in A. myosuroides. Using herbicides with alternative modes of action to control populations resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides, the recommended management approach, may thus be jeopardised by the widespread occurrence of metabolism‐based resistance mechanisms conferring broad‐spectrum cross‐resistance. 相似文献
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Xuan NI Jin-xin GAO Chuan-jin YU Meng WANG Jia-nan SUN Ya-qian LI Jie CHEN 《农业科学学报》2018,17(1):139-148
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in extracellular signal transduction and are involved in the pathogenicity of fungal pathogens to host plants. In Curvularia lunata, the roles of two MAPK genes, Clk1 and Clm1, have already been studied. Clk1 is involved in conidia formation and pathogenicity, and Clm1 is closely related to pathogen cell wall formation and pathogenicity to maize leaves. In this study, a third C. lunata MAPK gene, Clh1, which is homologous to hog1, was successfully cloned. We found that a Clh1 deletion mutant had lower intracellular glycerol accumulation than the wild-type stain and was unable to grow normally under osmotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the deletion mutants of three C. lunata MAPK genes (Clk1, Clm1 and Clh1) had lower levels of acetyl-CoA, which is an important intermediate product in the synthesis of melanin and furan toxin, and down-regulated expression of pathogenicity-associated genes. Furthermore, pathogenicity and the ability to produce toxin were restored after adding acetyl-CoA to the culture medium, suggesting that acetyl-CoA is closely involved in the pathogen MAPK signaling pathway. 相似文献
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为研究胡麻异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶BCCP、BC、α-CT和β-CT四个亚基基因的生物学功能,采用基因克隆、生物信息学和RT-PCR技术分别对胡麻accA、accB、accC和accD 4个基因进行分析。结果发现陇亚10号accA基因编码α-CT亚基,CDS序列全长为2364 bp,编码787个氨基酸;accB基因编码BCCP亚基,CDS序列全长为1173 bp,编码275个氨基酸;accC基因编码BC亚基,CDS序列全长为1574 bp,编码527个氨基酸;accD基因编码β-CT亚基,CDS序列全长为1137 bp,编码378个氨基酸,且4个基因编码的蛋白都是脂肪酸系数较高的亲水性蛋白。RT-PCR结果表明,胡麻accA、accB、accC和accD 4个基因在3个胡麻品种(高含油量的张亚2号、中含油量的陇亚10号和低含油量的R2-17)的不同时期不同组织的表达模式不同,accA、accB、accC和accD四个基因在R2-17、陇亚10号和张亚2号3个胡麻品种所有时期的不同组织中均有表达,但在种子中的表达量均明显高于其他组织,尤其在种子发育10~25 d油脂快速积累时期,4个基因的表达量都迅速增加并达到最高峰。研究表明异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因可能调控胡麻种子发育前期油脂的合成积累。 相似文献
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Derek Herbert Kevin A. Walker Lindsey J. Price David J. Cole Kenneth E. Pallett Stuart M. Ridley John L. Harwood 《Pest management science》1997,50(1):67-71
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyses the first committed step in fatty acid (and acyl lipid) formation. The enzyme has been shown to exert a high degree of flux control for lipid biosynthesis in leaves and, therefore, it is not surprising that chemicals which can inhibit it effectively are successful herbicides. These chemicals belong mainly to the cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropionate classes and are graminicides. The reason for the selectivity of these herbicides towards grasses lies in the nature of the target site, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Recent advances in our knowledge of acetyl-CoA carboxylases from sensitive and resistant plants has revealed some important facts. Dicotyledons, which are resistant, have a multi-enzyme complex type of carboxylase in their chloroplasts while grasses have a multifunctional protein. Both divisions of plants have two isoforms of the enzyme, the second being in the cytosol. Detailed study of multifunctional forms of acetyl-CoA carboxylases, which have different sensitivities to herbicides, suggests that herbicide resistance is correlated with cooperativity of herbicide binding to the native dimeric form of the carboxylase. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献
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日本看麦娘对精噁唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆的抗性机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确抗性日本看麦娘种群对精噁唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆的抗性机制,研究了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACCase)和乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)基因在抗性和敏感日本看麦娘种群内的差异,以及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)的活性差异,同时测定了抗性种群AFT对不同的ACCase和ALS抑制剂类除草剂的交互抗性。结果显示:与敏感种群AH-7相比,抗性种群AFT的ACCase基因CT区的2027位氨基酸和ALS基因的574位氨基酸发生突变;AFT种群的GSTs活性经过精噁唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆处理后明显增强,且显著强于敏感种群AH-7;抗性种群AFT对炔草酯、烯草酮、氟唑磺隆的抗性倍数分别为27.90、34.43、10.30,表现出高水平的抗性,对唑啉草酯、甲咪唑烟酸、双草醚的抗性倍数分别为5.49、6.42、5.01,表现出中等水平的抗性。经除草剂诱导后,植株体内基于GSTs代谢酶介导的代谢反应水平升高,加快植株对除草剂的代谢解毒反应;抗性种群AFT的ACCase基因和ALS基因中发生的氨基酸突变和GSTs活性的增强可能是其产生抗药性的重要原因。 相似文献
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为探究棕榈酸诱导BRL 3A细胞脂肪变性的机制,以不同浓度的PA（0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mmol·L-1）处理BRL 3A细胞24 h,用CCK-8法、RTCA技术检测细胞增殖情况;油红O染色,观察细胞脂滴生成情况;DAPI/F-actin双染,观察细胞核及骨架形态;采用比色法测定TG含量;采用RT-PCR检测脂肪合成相关基因Acaca、Fasn、Dgat2转录水平;采用Western blot检测脂肪合成关键蛋白ACC、FAS、SCD1、GPAM、DGAT2表达量。结果显示：与对照组相比,0.2、0.4 mmol·L-1 PA对细胞增殖无影响,0.6 mmol·L-1 PA抑制细胞增殖;油红O染色结果显示0.4 mmol·L-1 PA处理细胞24 h,脂滴大量蓄积,发生明显脂肪变性;随PA浓度升高,细胞核发生皱缩、变形、碎裂,细胞骨架被破坏,微丝断裂;TG含量极显著增加（P<0.01）;不同浓度PA（0.2、0.4、0.6 mmol·L-1）处理组脂肪合成关键基因Acaca、Fasn、Dgat2 mRNA转录水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,ACC、FAS、SCD1、GPAM、DGAT2蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;0.6 mmol·L-1 PA组与0.4 mmol·L-1 PA组相比,SCD1蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。高浓度棕榈酸抑制BRL 3A细胞增殖,对细胞核及骨架产生损伤;棕榈酸诱导细胞发生脂滴蓄积,TG增加,通过上调脂肪合成关键基因Acaca、Fasn、Dgat2 mRNA转录水平及ACC/FAS/DGAT2通路蛋白表达水平诱导细胞发生脂肪变性。 相似文献
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试验选用84头体重接近10 kg的杜洛克×长白×大约克三元杂交(DLY)阉公猪,随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复7头猪。研究在NRC(1998)标(准对照组)和荣昌猪饲养标(准试验组)2种饲粮条件下,营养水平对DLY生长肥育期血液胰岛素、背最长肌IMFc、AMPI、R含量及ACC mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明:①荣昌猪饲养标准下,各阶段试验组背最长肌肌内脂肪含量均高于对照组,50kg时达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。②试验组背最长肌cAMP水平50kg时低于对照组(P<0.01);IR含量80kg时显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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为了探究普安银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)胚胎发育中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅰ(CPTⅠ)活性变化及葡萄糖、维生素C浸泡对它们的影响,设置不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液和维生素C溶液用于普安银鲫的孵化,葡萄糖浓度分别为0、5、10、15和20 g/L,维生素C浓度分别为0、20、25、30和35 mg/L。记录出膜时间及孵化率,筛选适宜葡萄糖和维生素C浓度。采用无添加(对照组)、最适葡萄糖浓度(葡萄糖组)和最适维生素C浓度(维生素C组)的溶液用于孵化,测定胚胎发育中ACC、FAS和CPTⅠ活性变化特点。结果表明:1)葡萄糖浓度为15 g/L,维生素C浓度为30 mg/L时能获得最短出膜时间和最高的孵化率。2)胚胎发育过程中,FAS、ACC和CPTⅠ比活力和全活力均呈上升趋势。3)葡萄糖组在原肠中期、晶体出现期和出膜前期ACC和FAS比活力和全活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CPTⅠ比活力和全活力在晶体出现期和出膜前期显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)维生素C组ACC、FAS全活力在出膜前期均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示,15 g/L葡萄糖和30 mg/L维生素C溶液浸泡能促进普安银鲫胚胎发育过程中ACC、FAS和CPTⅠ的合成与分泌而形成新的代谢水平,以维持胚胎中脂质代谢的动态平衡。 相似文献
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Metabolomics - A robust bioanalytical approach for the discovery of the modes-of-action of pesticides: A review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The agrochemical industry is facing great undertaking that includes increasing demand for the development of new crop protection agents that are safe for the environment and the consumers, and at the same time combat the issue of the emergence of resistance pest strains. The mode-of-action (MoA) is among the features of a bioactive compound that largely determine whether the abovementioned issues are addressed or not, and subsequently whether its commercial development will be addressed. The early discovery of the MoA of bioactive compounds could accelerate pesticide research and development by reducing the required time and costs. Based on advances in synthetic and natural product chemistry, scientists have access to a vast number of compounds that could potentially be developed as crop protection agents. The screening of such compounds with respect to their MoA requires accurate and robust bioanalytical tools. Metabolomics is a powerful bioanalytical tool that will likely play a significant role in the acceleration of the discovery of MoA of bioactive compounds. In the present review, the capabilities and principles and applications of metabolomics for the study of the MoA of herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and antibiotics are discussed. 相似文献